I'd appreciate the authors chiming in, but I read the PASDA differently:
for that particular block.
space within two weeks in (b).
efficacy of such a solution.
Post by Olaoluwa Osuntokun via bitcoin-devHi Y'all,
Thanks to luke-jr and jl2012 for publishing your analysis of the
xblocks proposal. I'd like to also present some analysis but instead focus
on the professed LN safety enhancing scheme in the proposal. It's a bit
underspecified, so I've taken the liberty of extrapolating a bit to fill
in the gaps to the point that I can analyze it.
TLDR; The xblock proposal includes a sub-proposal for LN which is
essentially a block-size decrease for each open channel within the network.
This decrease reserves space in blocks to allow honest parties guaranteed
space in the blocks to punish dishonest channel counter parties. As a result
the block size is permanently decreased for each channel open. Some may
consider this cost prohibitively high.
Post by Luke Dashjr via bitcoin-devIf the second highest transaction version bit (30th bit) is set to to
`1`
Post by Luke Dashjr via bitcoin-devwithin an extension block transaction, an extra 700-bytes is reserved on
the transaction space used up in the block.
Why wouldn't users set this on all transactions?
As the proposal stands now, it seems that users _are_ able to unilaterally
use this for all their Bitcoin transactions, as there's no additional cost
to using the smart-contract safety feature outlined in the proposal.
The new safety measures proposed near the end of this xblock proposal
could itself consume a dedicated document outlining the prior background,
context, and implications of this new safety feature. Throughout the rest
of this post, I'll be referring to the scheme as a Pre-Allocated
Smart-contract Dispute arena (PASDA, chosen because it sounds kinda like
"pasta", which brings me many keks). It's rather insufficiently described
and
under specified as it stands in the proposal. As a result, if one doesn't
have the necessary prior context, it might've been skipped over entirely
as it's difficult to extract the sub-proposal from the greater proposal. I
think I possess the necessary prior context required to required to
properly analyze the sub-proposal. As a result, I would like to illuminate
the readers of the ML so y'all may also be able to evaluate this
sub-proposal independently.
## Background
First, some necessary background. Within LN as it exists today there is
one particularly nasty systematic risk related to blockchain availability
in the case of a channel dispute. This risk is clearly outlined in the
original white paper, and in my opinion a satisfactory solution to the
risks which safe guard the use of very high-value channels has yet to be
presented.
### Chain Spam/Censorship Attack Vector
The attack vector mentioned in the original paper is a reoccurring attack
in systems of this nature: DoS attacks. As it stands today, if a channel
counterparty is able to (solely, or in collaboration with other attackers)
prevent one from committing a transaction to the chain, they're able to
steal money from the honest participant in the channel. The attack
* Mallory opens a very large channel with me.
* We transfer money back and forth in the channel as normal. The nature
of these transfers isn't very important. The commitment balances may
be modified due to Mallory making multi-hop payments through my
channel, or possibly from Mallory directly purchasing some goods I
offer, paying via the channel.
* Let's call the current commitment number state S_i. In the lifetime
of the channel there may exist some state S_j (i < j) s.t Mallory's
balance in S_i, is larger than S_j.
* At this point, depending on the value of the channel's time-based
security parameter (T) it may be possible for Mallory to broadcast
state S_i (which has been revoked), and prevent me being able to
include by my punishment transaction (PTX) within the blockchain.
* If Mallory is able to incapacitate me for a period of time T, or
censor my transactions from the chain (either selectively or via a
spam attack), then at time K (K > T + B, where B is the time the
commitment transaction was stamped in the chain), then she'll be free
to walk away with her settled balance at state S_i. For the sake of
simplicity, we're ignoring HTLC's.
* Mallory's gain is the difference between the balance at state S_i and
S_j. Deepening on the gap between the states, my settled balance at
state S_i and the her balance delta, she may be able to fully recoup
the funds she initially place in the channel.
### The Role of Channel Reserves as Partial Mitigation
A minor mitigation to this attack that's purely commitment transaction
policy is to mandate that Mallory's balance in the channel never dips
below some reserve value R. Otherwise, if at state S_j, Mallory has a
settled balance of 0 within he channel (all the money if on my side), then
the attack outline above can under certain conditions be _costless_ from
her PoV. Replicate this simultaneously across the network in a synchronized
manner (possibly getting some help from your miner friends) and this
becomes a bit of a problem (to say the least).
Taking this a step further another mitigation that's been proposed is to
also use the channel reserve to implement a _ceiling_ on the maximum size
of _any_ in flight HTLC. Similar to the scheme above, this is meant to
eliminate the possibility of a "costless" attack, as if channel throughput
is artificially constrained, then the value of pending HTLC's isn't
enticing enough to launch a channel breach attack.
### Analysis of Attack Feasibility/Difficulty
The difficulty of the attack is dependant on the time-denominated security
parameter T, and the adversaries ability to collude with miners. Purely
spamming the chain given a very larger T value may be prohibitively
expensive for the attacker and their profit from launching the attack
would need to outweigh the cost in transaction fees and idle bitcoin
required to launch the attack. Considering the case of colluding with
miners, if mining is highly centralized (as it is now), then that may be a
more attractive attack avenue. In a world of highly decentralized mining
(let's say a lofty goal of no pool commanding > 5% of the hash power),
then the attack is much more difficult.
(as an aside schemes that involve transactions committing to the inputs
they're spending and revealing them at a later date/block (committed
transactions) may address the miner censorship attack vector)
Depending one's target use of channels, the individuals they open channels
with, the applications that run on top of the channels, the amount of
coins within the channel, and the choice of the time parameter T, the
attack outline above may or may not be an issue from your PoV. However,
in order to realize LN's maximum potential of being able to enter a
smart-contract with a complete stranger on the internet trustlessly,
without fearing conditions that may lead to monetary losses, the attack
vector should be mitigated if possible.
In the words of The Architect of the Matrix (and referenced by Tadge at
his "Level of LN" talk at Scaling Bitcoin Hong Kong: "There are levels of
survival we are prepared to accept". There exist levels of LN and usage of
channels, that may not consider this a dire issue.
OK, with the necessary background and context laid out, I'll now analyze
the solution proposed within the greater xblock proposal, making a brief
detour to briefly described another proposed solution.
### Timestop
A prior proposed solution to the failure scenario described above is
what's known as "time stop". This was proposed by gmaxwell and was briefly
touched upon in the original LN white paper. The mechanism of the
time-denominated security parameter T in today's channel construction is
enforced using OpCheckSequenceVerify. After broadcasting a commitment
transaction, all outputs paying to the broadcaster of the commitment are
encumbered with a relative time delay of T blocks, meaning they are unable
to claim the funds until time T has elapsed. This time margin gives the
honest party an opportunity to broadcast their punishment transaction
iff, the broadcaster has broadcast a prior revoked state.
The idea of time stomp is to introduce a special sequence-locks block
height to the system. This block height would increase with each block
along with the regular block height _unless_ the block reaches a certain
sustained "high water mark". As an example, let's assume that when 3
blocks in row are above 75% capacity, then the sequence-lock clock stops
ticking.
The effect of this change is to morph the security risk into simply a
postponement of the judgment within the contract. With this, DoS attacks
simply delay the (seemingly) inevitable punishment of the dishonest party
within the contract.
Aside from some informal discussions and the brief section within the
original white paper, many details of this proposal are left
underspecified. For example: how do miners signal to full nodes that the
sequence-lock clock has stopped? What's the high water mark threshold? Can
it go on indefinitely? Should this feature be opt-in?
I think this proposal should be considered in tandem with the proposal
within the xblock proposal as both have a few unanswered questions that
need to be further explored.
## Pre-Allocated Smart-Contract Dispute Area (PASDA)
Aight, now to the LN enhancing proposal that's buried within the
greater xblock proposal. Introducing some new terminology, I've been
calling this a: Pre-Allocated Smart-contract Dispute Arena or (PASDA) for
short. In a nut shell, the key idea of the proposal is this: transactions
that mark the commencement of a smart contract who's security depends on
availability of block space for disputes are able to _pre allocate_ a
section of the block that will _always_ be _reserved_ for dispute
transactions. With this, contracts is _guaranteed_ space in blocks to
when you enter in a contract with a contractor to build your dream
kitchen, you _also_ go to a court and reserve a 1-hour block in their
scheduled to handle a dispute _just in case_ one arises. In the event of a
peaceful resolution to the contract, the space is freed up.
The description in the paper is a bit light on the details, so I'll say up
front that I'm extrapolating w.r.t to some mechanisms of the construction.
However, I've been involved in some private conversations where the idea
was thrown around, so I think I have enough context to _maybe_ fill in
some of the gaps in the proposal.
I'll now restate the proposal. Smart contract transactions set a certain
bit in their version number. This bit indicates that they wish to
pre-allocate N bytes in _all_ further blocks _until_ the contract has been
reserved. In the specific context of payment channels, this means that
once a channel is open, until it has been closed, it _decreases_ the
available block size for all other transactions. As this is a very
aggressive proposal I think the authors took advantage of the new design
space within xblocks to include something that may not be readily accepted
as a modification to the rules of the main chain.
The concrete parameters chosen in the proposal are: each channel opening
transaction reserves 700-bytes within _each_ block in the chain until the
transaction has been closed. This pre-allocation has the following
constraint: a transaction can _only_ take advantage of this allocation iff
it's spending the _first_ output of a smart-contract transaction (has a
particular bit in the version set). This means that only dispute
resolution transactions can utilize this space.
The proposal references two allocations, which I've squinted very hard at
for half a day in an attempt to parse the rules governing them, but so far
I've been unable to glean any further details. From my squinting, I
interpret that half of the allocation is reserved for spending the
self-output of a transaction in the last 2016 blocks (two weeks) and the
other half is dedicated to spending the first output of a commitment
transaction in the _same_ block.
I'm unsure as to why these allocations are separate, and why they aren't
just combined into a single allocation.
### Modification to LN Today
This change would require a slight modification to LN as it's currently
defined today. ATM, we use BIP 69 in order the inputs and outputs of a
transaction. This is helpful as it lets us just send of signatures for new
states as both sides already know the order of the inputs and outputs.
With PASDA, we'd now need to omit the to-self-output (the output in my
commitment transaction paying to myself my settled balance) from this
ordering and _always_ make it the first output (txid:0).
The second change is that this proposal puts a ceiling on on the CSV value
allowed by any channel. All CSV delays _must-weeks otherwise, they're
unable to take advantage of the arena.
### Modifications to Bitcoin
In order to implement this within Bitcoin, a third utxo set (regular
block, xblock) must be maintained by all full nodes. Alternatively, this
can just be a bit in the xblock utxo set. The implementation doesn't
really matter. Before attempting to pack transactions into a block, the
total allocation within the PASDA utxo-set must be summed up, and
subtracted from the block size cap. Only transactions which validly spend
from one of these UTXO's are able to take advantage of the new space in
the block.
## Analysis of PASDA
OK, now for some analysis. First, let's assume that transactions which
create PASDA UTXO's aren't subject to any additional constraints. If so,
then this means that _any_ transaction can freely create PASDA UTXO's and
_decrease_ the block size for _all_ transactions until the UTXO has been
spent. If my interpretation is correct, then this introduces a new attack
vector which allows _anyone_ to nearly permanently decrease the block size
for all-time with next to zero additional cost. If this is correct, then
it seems that miners have _zero_ incentive to _ever_ include a transaction
that creates a PASDA output in their blocks as it robs them of future
revenue and decreases the available capacity in the system, possibly
permanently proportionally to _each_ unspent PASDA output in the chain.
Alternatively, let's say the transactions which create PASDA outputs
_must_ pay a disproportionately high fee in order to pay up front for
their consumption of the size within all future blocks. If so, then a
question that arises is: How large a fee? If the fee is very large, then
the utilization of the smart-contract battling arena is only reserved to
very high valued channels who can afford very high fees. This may be
acceptable as if you have a $5 channel, then are you really at risk at
such a large scale attack on Bitcoin just to steal $5 from you? It's
important to note that many attacks on LN's contract resolution
capabilities are also a direct attack on Bitcoin. However, in a world of
dynamic fees, then it may be the case that the fee paid 6 months ago is
now a measly fee an no longer covers the costs to miners (and even the
entire system...).
Finally, here's something I thought of earlier today that possibly
mitigates the downside from the PoV of the miners (everyone else must
still accept the costs of a permanent block size decrease). Let's say that
in order to create a PASDA output fees are paid as normal. However, for
_each_ subsequent block, the participants of the contract _must_ pay a
tribute to miners to account for their loss in revenue due to the
reduction in block size. Essentially, all PASDA outputs must pay _rent_
for their pre-allocated space. If rent isn't paid sufficiently and on-time,
then the pre-allocate arena space is revoked by miners. There're a few
ways to construct this payment, but I'll leave that to follow up work as I
just want to shed some light on the PASDA and its implications.
## Conclusion
I've attempted to fill in some gaps for y'all w.r.t exactly what the
sub-proposal within the greater xblock proposal consists of and some
possible implications. I'd like to note that I've taken the liberty of
filling on some gaps within the sub-proposal as only a single section
within the greater proposal has been allocated to it. PASDA itself could
likely fill up an entirely distinct propsal by itself spanning several
pages. To the authors of the proposal: if my interpretation is inaccurate
please correct me as I'd also like to better understand the proposal. It's
possible that everything I've said in this (now rather long) email is
incorrect.
If you've made it this far, thank you for taking the time out of your day
to consider my thoughts. It's my hope that we can further analyze this
sub-proposal in detail and discuss its construction as well as its
implications on smart-contracts like payment channels on top of Bitcoin.
PASDA purports to address one half of the systematic risks in LN by
possibly eliminating the DoS vector attack against LN. However, the costs
of PASDA are very high, and possibly prohibitively so. In my opinion, the
second attack vector lies in the ability of miners to arbitrarily censor
transactions spending a particular output. Fungibility enhancing
techniques such as Committed Transactions may be a viable path forward to
patch this attack vector.
-- roasbeef
On Tue, Apr 4, 2017 at 8:35 PM Johnson Lau via bitcoin-dev <
Post by Luke Dashjr via bitcoin-devI feel particularly disappointed that while this BIP is 80% similar to my
proposal made 2 months ago ( https://lists.linuxfoundation.
org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2017-January/013490.html ), Matt Corallo was
only the person replied me. Also, this BIP seems ignored the txid
malleability of the resolution tx, as my major technical critique of xblock
design.
But anyway, here Iâm only making comments on the design. As I said in my
earlier post, I consider this more as an academic topic than something
really ready for production use.
This specification defines a method of increasing bitcoin transaction
throughput without altering any existing consensus rules.
Softforks by definition tighten consensus rules
There has been great debate regarding other ways of increasing
transaction throughput, with no proposed consensus-layer solutions that
have proven themselves to be particularly safe.
so the authors donât consider segwit as a consensus-layer solution to
increase transaction throughput, or not think segwit is safe? But logically
speaking if segwit is not safe, this BIP could only be worse. OTOH, segwit
also obviously increases tx throughput, although it may not be as much as
some people wish to have.
This specification refines many of Lau's ideas, and offers a much
simpler method of tackling the value transfer issue, which, in Lau's
proposal, was solved with consensus-layer UTXO selection.
The 2013 one is outdated. As the authors are not quoting it, not sure if
they read my January proposal
extension block activation entails BIP141 activation.
I think extension block in the proposed form actually breaks BIP141. It
may say it activates segregated witness as a general idea, but not a
specific proposal like BIP141
The merkle root is to be calculated as a merkle tree with all extension
block txids and wtxids as the leaves.
It needs to be more specific here. How are they exactly arranged? I
suggest it uses a root of all txids, and a root of all wtxids, and combine
them as the commitment. The reason is to allow people to prune the witness
data, yet still able to serve the pruned tx to light wallets. If it makes
txid and wtxid as pairs, after witness pruning it still needs to store all
the wtxids or it canât reconstruct the tree
Outputs signal to exit the extension block if the contained script is
either a minimally encoded P2PKH or P2SH script.
This hits the biggest question I asked in my January post: do you want to
allow direct exit payment to legacy addresses? As a block reorg will almost
guarantee changing txid of the resolution tx, that will permanently
invalidate all the child txs based on the resolution tx. This is a
significant change to the current tx model. To fix this, you need to make
exit outputs unspendable for up to 100 blocks. Doing this, however, will
make legacy wallet users very confused as they do not anticipate funding
being locked up for a long period of time. So you canât let the money sent
back to a legacy address directly, but sent to a new format address that
only recognized by new wallet, which understands the lock up requirement.
This way, however, introduces friction and some fungibility issues, and Iâd
expect people using cross chain atomic swap to exchange bitcoin and xbitcoin
1. Is it acceptable to have massive txid malleability and transaction
chain invalidation for every natural happening reorg? Yes: the current
spec is ok; No: next question (Iâd say no)
2. Is locking up exit outputs the best way to deal with the problem? (I
tried really hard to find a better solution but failed)
3. How long the lock-up period should be? Answer could be anywhere from 1 to 100
4. With a lock-up period, should it allow direct exit to legacy address?
(I think itâs ok if the lock-up is short, like 1-2 block. But is that safe
enough?)
5. Due to the fungibility issues, it may need a new name for the tokens in the ext-block
Verification of transactions within the extension block shall enforce
all currently deployed softforks, along with an extra BIP141-like ruleset.
I suggest to only allow push-only and OP_RETURN scriptPubKey in xblock.
Especially, you donât want to replicate the sighash bug to xblock. Also,
requires scriptSig to be always empty
This leaves room for 7 future soft-fork upgrades to relax DoS limits.
Why 7? There are 16 unused witness program versions
Witness script hash v0 shall be worth the number of accurately counted
sigops in the redeem script, multiplied by a factor of 8.
There is a flaw here: witness script with no sigop will be counted as 0
and have a lot free space
every 73 bytes in the serialized witness vector is worth 1 additional
point.
so 72 bytes is 1 point or 0 point? Maybe it should just scale everything
up by 64 or 128, and make 1 witness byte = 1 point . So it wonât provide
any âfree spaceâ in the block.
Currently defined witness programs (v0) are each worth 8 points.
Unknown witness program outputs are worth 1 point. Any exiting output is
always worth 8 points.
Iâd suggest to have at least 16 points for each witness v0 output, so it
will make it always more expensive to create than spend UTXO. It may even
provide extra âdiscountâ if a tx has more input than output. The overall
objective is to limit the UTXO growth. The ext block should be mainly for
making transactions, not store of value (Iâll explain later)
Dust Threshold
In general I think itâs ok, but Iâd suggest a higher threshold like 5000
satoshi. It may also combine the threshold with the output witness version,
so unknown version may have a lower or no threshold. Alternatively, it may
start with a high threshold and leave a backdoor softfork to reduce it.
Deactivation
It is a double-edged sword. While it is good for us to be able to discard
an unused chain, it may create really bad user experience and people may
even lose money. For example, people may have opened Lightning channels and
they will find it not possible to close the channel. So you need to make
sure people are not making time-locked tx for years, and require people to
refresh their channel regularly. And have big red warning when the
deactivation SF is locked in. Generally, xblock with deactivation should
never be used as long-term storage of value.
ââââ
1. This BIP in current form is not compatible with BIP141. Since most
nodes are already upgraded to BIP141, this BIP must not be activated unless
BIP141 failed to activate. However, if the community really endorse the
idea of ext block, I see no reason why we couldnât activate BIP141 first
(which could be done in 2 weeks), then work together to make ext block
possible. Ext block is more complicated than segwit. If it took dozens of
developers a whole year to release segwit, I donât see how ext block could
become ready for production with less time and efforts.
2. Another reason to make this BIP compatible with BIP141 is we also need
malleability fix in the main chain. As the xblock has a deactivation
mechanism, it canât be used for longterm value storage.
3. I think the size and cost limit of the xblock should be lower at the
beginning, and increases as we find it works smoothly. It could be a
predefined growth curve like BIP103, or a backdoor softfork. With the
current design, it leaves a massive space for miners to fill up with non-tx
garbage. Also, Iâd also like to see a complete SPV fraud-proof solution
before the size grows bigger.
On 5 Apr 2017, at 02:03, Luke Dashjr via bitcoin-dev <
Recently there has been some discussion of an apparent work-in-progress
extension block proposal by Christopher Jeffrey, Joseph Poon, Fedor
Indutny,
and Steven Pair. Since this hasn't been formally posted on the ML yet,
perhaps
it is still in pre-draft stages and not quite ready for review, but in
light
of public interest, I think it is appropriate to open it to discussion,
and
toward this end, I have reviewed the current revision.
https://github.com/tothemoon-org/extension-blocks
==Overall analysis & comparison==
This is a relatively complicated proposal, creating a lot of additional
technical debt and complexity in comparison to both BIP 141 and
hardforks. It
offers no actual benefits beyond BIP 141 or hardforks, so seems
irrational to
consider at face value. In fact, it fits much better the inaccurate
criticisms
made by segwit detractors against BIP 141.
That being said, this proposal is very interesting in construction and
is for
the most part technically sound. While ill-fit to merely making blocks
larger,
it may be an ideal fit for fundamentally different block designs such as
Rootstock and MimbleWimble in absence of decentralised non-integrated
sidechains (extension blocks are fundamentally sidechains tied into
Bitcoin
directly).
==Fundamental problem==
those
which verify the full block (and are therefore truly full nodes), and
those
which only verify the "base" block. However, because the extension is
consensus-critical, the latter are in fact not full nodes at all, and
are left
insecure like pseudo-SPV (not even real SPV) nodes. This technical
nature is
of course true of a softfork as well, but softforks are intentionally
designed
such that all nodes are capable of trivially upgrading, and there is no
expectation for anyone to run with pre-softfork rules.
In general, hardforks can provide the same benefits of an extension
block, but
without the false expectation and pointless complexity.
==Other problems & questions==
These outpoints may not be spent inside the mempool (they must be
redeemed
from the next resolution txid in reality).
This breaks the ability to spend unconfirmed funds in the same block
(as is
required for CPFP).
The extension block's transaction count is not cryptographically
committed-to
anywhere. (This is an outstanding bug in Bitcoin today, but impractical
to
exploit in practice; however, exploiting it in an extension block may
not be
as impractical, and it should be fixed given the opportunity.)
The merkle root is to be calculated as a merkle tree with all extension
block txids and wtxids as the leaves.
This needs to elaborate how the merkle tree is constructed. Are all the
txids
followed by all the wtxids (tx hashes)? Are they alternated? Are txid
and
wtxid trees built independently and merged at the tip?
Output script code aside from witness programs, p2pkh or p2sh is
considered
invalid in extension blocks.
Why? This prevents extblock users from sending to bare multisig or other
various possible destinations. (While static address forms do not exist
for
other types, they can all be used by the payment protocol.)
Additionally, this forbids datacarrier (OP_RETURN), and forces spam to
create
unprovably-unspendable UTXOs. Is that intentional?
The maximum extension size should be intentionally high.
This has the same "attacks can do more damage than ordinary benefit"
issue as
BIP141, but even more extreme since it is planned to be used for future
size
increases.
Witness key hash v0 shall be worth 1 point, multiplied by a factor of
8.
What is a "point"? What does it mean multiplied by a factor of 8? Why
not just
say "8 points"?
Witness script hash v0 shall be worth the number of accurately counted
sigops in the redeem script, multiplied by a factor of 8.
Please define "accurately counted" here. Is this using BIP16 static
counting,
or accurately counting sigops during execution?
To reduce the chance of having redeem scripts which simply allow for
garbage
data in the witness vector, every 73 bytes in the serialized witness
vector is
worth 1 additional point.
Is the size rounded up or down? If down, 72-byte scripts will carry 0
points...)
==Trivial & process==
BIPs must be in MediaWiki format, not Markdown. They should be
submitted for
discussion to the bitcoin-dev mailing list, not social media and news.
Layer: Consensus (soft-fork)
Extension blocks are more of a hard-fork IMO.
License: Public Domain
BIPs may not be "public domain" due to non-recognition in some
jurisdictions.
Can you agree on one or more of these?
https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0002.
mediawiki#Recommended_licenses
## Abstract
This specification defines a method of increasing bitcoin transaction
throughput without altering any existing consensus rules.
This is inaccurate. Even softforks alter consensus rules.
## Motivation
Bitcoin retargetting ensures that the time in between mined blocks
will be
roughly 10 minutes. It is not possible to change this rule. There has
been
great debate regarding other ways of increasing transaction throughput,
with
no proposed consensus-layer solutions that have proven themselves to be
particularly safe.
Block time seems entirely unrelated to this spec. Motivation is unclear.
Extension blocks leverage several features of BIP141, BIP143, and
BIP144 for
transaction opt-in, serialization, verification, and network services,
and as
such, extension block activation entails BIP141 activation.
As stated in the next paragraph, the rules in BIP 141 are fundamentally
incompatible with this one, so saying BIP 141 is activated is
confusingly
incorrect.
This specification should be considered an extension and modification
to
these BIPs. Extension blocks are _not_ compatible with BIP141 in its
current
form, and will require a few minor additional rules.
Extension blocks should be compatible with BIP 141, there doesnât
appear to be
any justification for not making them compatible.
This specification prescribes a way of fooling non-upgraded nodes into
believing the existing UTXO set is still behaving as they would expect.
The UTXO set behaves fundamentally different to old nodes with this
proposal,
albeit in a mostly compatible manner.
Note that canonical blocks containing entering outputs MUST contain an
extension block commitment (all zeroes if nothing is present in the
extension
block).
Please explain why in Rationale.
Coinbase outputs MUST NOT contain witness programs, as they cannot be
sweeped by the resolution transaction due to previously existing
consensus
rules.
Seems like an annoying technical debt. I wonder if it can be avoided.
The genesis resolution transaction MAY also include a 1-100 byte
pushdata in
the first input script, allowing the miner of the genesis resolution to
add a
special message. The pushdata MUST be castable to a true boolean.
Why? Unlike the coinbase, this seems to create additional technical
debt with
no apparent purpose. Better to just have a consensus rule every input
must be
null.
The resolution transaction's version MUST be set to the uint32 max
(`2^32 -
1`).
Transaction versions are signed, so I assume this is actually simply -1.
(While signed transaction versions seemed silly to me, using it for
special
cases like this actually makes sense.)
### Exiting the extension block
Should specify that spending such an exit must use the resolution txid,
not
the extblock's txid.
On the policy layer, transaction fees may be calculated by transaction
cost
as well as additional size/legacy-sigops added to the canonical block
due to
entering or exiting outputs.
BIPs should not specify policy at all. Perhaps prefix "For the
avoidance of
doubt:" to be clear that miners may perform any fee logic they like.
Transactions within the extended transaction vector MAY include a
witness
vector using BIP141 transaction serialization.
Since extblock transactions are all required to be segwit, why wouldn't
this
be mandatory?
- BIP141's nested P2SH feature is no longer available, and no longer a
consensus rule.
Note this makes adoption slower: wallets cannot use the extblock until
the
economy has updated to support segwit-native addresses.
To reduce the chance of having redeem scripts which simply allow for
garbage
data in the witness vector, every 73 bytes in the serialized witness
vector is
worth 1 additional point.
Please explain why 73 bytes in Rationale.
This leaves room for 7 future soft-fork upgrades to relax DoS limits.
How so? Please explain.
A consensus dust threshold is now enforced within the extension block.
Why?
If the second highest transaction version bit (30th bit) is set to to
`1`
within an extension block transaction, an extra 700-bytes is reserved
on the
transaction space used up in the block.
Why wouldn't users set this on all transactions?
`default_witness_commitment` has been renamed to
`default_extension_commitment` and includes the extension block
commitment
script.
`default_witness_commitment` was never part of the GBT spec. At least
describe
what this new key is.
- Deployment name: `extblk` (appears as `!extblk` in GBT).
Should be just `extblk` if backward compatibility is supported (and
`!extblk`
when not).
The "deactivation" deployment's start time...
What about timeout? None? To continue the extension block, must it be
deactivated and reactivated in parallel?
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